Biography Of Genghis Khan :: Biography Genghis Khan Bio Bios Essays

Life story of Genghis Khan The old world had numerous incredible pioneers. Alexander the Great, Hannibal and even Julius Caesar met with battle on their ascent to power. Maybe Genghis Khan was the most huge of all these rulers. To demonstrate that Genghis Khan was the best ruler, we should go back to the absolute starting point of his reality. We should inspect such issues as; Genghisâ ¹s battle for power/how his life as a youngster would influence his standard, his own and military accomplishments and his triumphs. Genghis Khan was initially conceived as Temujin in 1167. He appeared early guarantee as a pioneer and a contender. By 1206, a get together of Mongolian chieftains announced him Genghis Khan. Which implied All inclusive or powerful ruler. This was a strong move for the get together. They clearly observed some authority characteristics in Genghis that others didnâ ¹t. When Genghis Khan was close to nothing, his chieftain father harmed. With no pioneer left, the clan relinquished Genghis and his mom. They were disregarded for a long time to think about themselves. All through these years, his family met numerous difficulties, for example, lack of food what's more, lack of cash. Despite the fact that incapable to peruse, Genghis was a shrewd man. His mom let him know at an early age the significance of trust furthermore, autonomy. Keep in mind, you have no friends yet your shadow Grolier Encyclopedia. (1995) CD ROM This statement was to intend to Genghis, donâ ¹t put to much trust in anybody, trust nobody yet yourself and in the event that you should head out in your own direction, at that point do as such. In 1206, Genghis Khan announced the leader of Mongolia. Genghis was a regarded pioneer. Like different pioneers he recognized what his individuals needed. They need everything that is acceptable and nothing that is awful. Genghis realized he was unable to guarantee this so all things considered he vowed to share both the sweet and the harsh of life. Genghis would not like to wind up being harmed like his dad so all things considered he made collusions, furthermore, assaulted any individual who represented a genuine danger. Through this technique of initiative, Genghisâ ¹s armed force developed to where they were incredible. Genghis contributed alot of things to the chinese and even western civic establishments. Maybe his most noteworthy commitment was a code of laws that he proclaimed. Since Genghis couldnâ ¹t peruse or compose, these law were archived by one of his adherents. His laws were carried on by individuals however the numerous ages to the point of as yet being used

The Principles of Beneficence and Nonmaleficence Assignment

The Principles of Beneficence and Nonmaleficence - Assignment Example The treatment that could be offered to her is radiation and chemotherapy, which are not the arrangements or remedies for the ailment but rather just broadening the existence pattern of the patient. Thusly, the objectives of the treatment are not worried about the inversion of the wellbeing conditions, yet for the conservation of life to the most extreme degree conceivable. In totality, the patient can't generally get away from the way that her life is going to end in a matter of seconds, possibly inside the following barely any years. Drug is a strategy for drawing out her life, to a limited degree and not complete reclamation, for her situation. The patient is obviously, all around educated and proficient as far as versatility and states of mind. She is totally able, in view of the realities that she had worked in the clinical field already and furthermore since she had seen the mass and the serious agony and had stepped up and approach an expert, instead of maybe dying down it. The patient admits that she associates she is a casualty with disease and hence, requests that the clinical understudy come clean with her. She is additionally mindful of the way that the specialists may, all things considered, not advise her about the illness and analysis, on the off chance that it is malignant growth. The patient has not yet been educated about the illness and she is yet to get the affirmation of her misgiving that she has disease. The very truth that the patient enthusiastically and promptly consented to experience the medical procedure, without representing an issue passes on that the patient was helpful and confided in her primary care physicians. In any case, overall, we see that the patient's craving to be educated and share the information on the specialists, in regards to her condition is more likely than not met with. In this way, one can make the inference that the morals and laws overseeing medication have not been met with. Had the patient been a uninformed and non-agreeable individual, as well as could be expected be giving treatment and keeping the patient in obscurity. In any case, since the patient is from a clinical foundation herself and is very much aware of the circumstance, it is generally moral to advise her about it and give treatment with shared collaboration.

Sutter, John Augustus

Sutter, John Augustus Sutter, John Augustus, 1803â€"80, American pioneer, b. Kandern, Baden, of Swiss parents. His original name was Johann August Suter. He emigrated to the United States in 1834, went to St. Louis, then to Santa Fe. Fired with a desire to go to the Pacific coast, he went to the Oregon country and entered the coast trade in the Northwest, going to the Hawaiian Islands, to Sitka, Alaska, and finally (1839) to California. He settled in the Sacramento valley and obtained large grants of land from the Mexican governor of California. There he established his colony, known as New Helvetia, and built Sutter's Fort (see Sacramento ). Rich and powerful, Sutter helped many newcomers to California. In 1848, James W. Marshall found gold while building a sawmill on Sutter's land. The news spread, and gold-mad crowds poured across the continent in the rush of 1849. They killed Sutter's cattle and swarmed over his lands hunting for gold. He struggled against them in vain, and moved E to Pennsylvania , a ruined man, in 1873. He had earlier been granted a pension from California, and to the end he hoped that the U.S. Congress would reimburse him for his losses. See Sutter's New Helvetia Diary (1939) and his Statement regarding Early California Experiences (ed. by A. Ottley, 1943); see also biographies by J. P. Zollinger (1939, repr. 1967) and R. H. Dillon (1967). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

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Coral Reefs The Rainforests of the Sea - 981 Words

The Rainforests of the Sea Coral reefs are one of the most diverse habitats in the world today and it this diversity that makes them so important to the overall health of the oceans and thus the overall health of the oceans as a whole. Coral reefs take up only a very small percentage of the entire surface of the oceans surface. However, despite this, they provide a home to about one-quarter of all of the species that live in the oceans. (Mulhall, 2007, p. 321). Among the other life forms that live in the worlds coral reefs are fish, worms, echinoderms (such as sea urchins), sponges, and the evolutionary ancient classes of tunicates and cnidarians. One of the most striking aspects of the diversity of coral reefs is that they can exist (and support this florescence of life) in places where few other animals can flourish: Cold and deep waters (Smithers Woodroffe, 2000, p. 4). However, most corals live in tropical waters; it is on these types of corals that this paper focuses, looking in particular at the reef fi shes that make their homes in the worlds coral reefs. A very wide range of fish lives in coral reefs. These fish include both those who live entirely within the reefs and those that move in and out of the reefs periphery. Both types of fish eat smaller animals that also live in the reef or small plants that habitat the reef including seaweed and algae. The fish that live in coral reefs are often very brightly colored, a fact that allows that allows them to blendShow MoreRelatedCoral Reefs: The Rainforests of the Sea1062 Words   |  5 PagesCorals the rainforests of the sea. Corals’ and rainforests are very important to the world because they have a very important function. Carbon dioxide dissolves in seawater, the carbon dioxide then forms a week acid called carbonic acid this acid in it called carbonic iron, which stays in the carbon carbonate. This acid cannot make limestone but dose dissolve in ready-formed limestone and the reefs need it to produce limestone. Rainforests give out oxygen. Corals are like rainforest in the se a withRead MoreSaving the Coral Reefs662 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction to Coral Reefs: Coral reefs along our coasts are the richest habitats on the planet and are homes to countless animal species. There are at least hundreds of marine species in the reef. Coral reefs take a long time to grow. They grow at a rate up to 2 cm per year. Corals grow in different shapes depending on their type of class. Some might resemble brains, trees, honeycombs and others. Coral reefs are important because they protect the shore from storms, and provide medicines, andRead MoreCoral Reefs : A Study From National Oceanic And Atmospheric Administration923 Words   |  4 Pagesbeautiful, diverse, colorful reef that adds beauty to the ocean and to the fishes. Others see a peaceful bed for the oceans floor. Creature on the other hand see a shelter, and protection from people or bigger animals that lurk for their pray. Coral reefs aren’t made for its scenery, but as an ecosystem for many plants and animals. They do not only help the animals but serve to people as important sources of income, food, protection, and new medicines of mankind. Coral reefs are less than 1 percent ofRead MoreCoral Reefs Essay722 Words   |  3 PagesCoral reefs are very diverse ecosystems. They are â€Å"the rainforest of the sea†. Coral reefs can be very big or very small. The Great Barrier Reef (Australia) is 1,600 miles long and 40 miles wide. They are very import ant for our ocean, they provide food and home for many of the fish in the ocean. For some fish, coral reefs are the only viable food source or shelter they have. Coral reefs are very important. Coral reefs are made by individual coral that join together to form a coral colony. EachRead More The Effects of Global Warming on the Great Barrier Reef Essay950 Words   |  4 Pageson the Great Barrier Reef Introduction Coral reefs around the world are in danger. One of the causes is global warming, which has been increasing the temperature of the ocean water resulting in coral bleaching. This essay will focus on damage occurring to the Great Barrier Reef. What is a Coral Reef? A coral reef is a ridge formed in shallow ocean water by accumulated calcium-containing exoskeletons of coral animals, certain red algae, and mollusks. Coral reefs are tropical, formingRead MoreEssay on Rainforests of the Ocean942 Words   |  4 PagesRainforests of the Ocean Coral reefs are large societies of small living organisms. They are made up of millions of various creatures including fish, starfish, sea urchins, and so much more. Despite the fact that coral reefs make up fewer than one percentage of the Earth’s surface, coral reefs are still one of the greatest diversified ecosystems in the world due to the creatures that live in and around the reefs. Coral reefs are located in shallow, warm waters in the tropics around the Bahamas,Read MoreSalt Water Essay1402 Words   |  6 Pagesdissolved salts, known as saline water or seawater, water from oceans or seas. It is a home to varieties of aquatic animals, for example, fishes and snails. Some of these animals find it difficult to live in fresh water. If salt water animals go to live in fresh water they can not adapt the environment led to die to them. This essay aims to discuss the importance of salt water and the sub- types namely ocean, sea, and coral reefs. It will also show pictures whe re it is found and the aquariums that areRead MoreCoral Reefs : The Ecosystem860 Words   |  4 PagesCoral reefs are an essential component to the ecosystems in Hawaii. Coral reefs are comprised of numerous Cnidarian species that grow sympatrically to form structured colonies. Coral reef colonies support a wide range of marine wildlife. The marine animals utilize coral reefs as their habitat, as a source of food, and as a catalyst for community interactions. Coral reef communities that are well established are known to be highly biodiverse. Coral reefs are known as the tropical rainforests of theRead MoreCoral Reefs and How We Can Save Them Essay999 Words   |  4 PagesINTRODUCTION Coral reefs are underwater arrangements made from calcium-carbonated substances, which are released by corals. Coral reefs are gatherings of small and large organisms, which are found in marine waters that contain scarce nutrients. Most coral reefs are built from stony corals, which in turn consist of polyps that cluster in groups. The polyps belong to group of animals’ known as Phylum Cnidaria, which in turn secrete hard carbonate exoskeletons, which support and protect their bodiesRead MoreCoral Reefs : A Study From National Oceanic And Atmospheric Administration983 Words   |  4 Pagessome, diverse, and colorful reefs add beauty to the ocean and to the fish. Others see coral reefs as peaceful beds on the ocean s floor. Creatures, on the other hand, see a shelter and protection from people or bigger larger that lurk for their prey. Coral reefs aren’t made for their scenery, but as ecosystems for many plants and animals. They do not only help the animals, but serve a s important sources of income, food, protection, and new medicines for mankind. Coral reefs are less than one percent

Cardiorespiratory Focus On Hypertension Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(29) " to increased blood volumes\." The scenario concerns the survey of blood force per unit area scientific discipline and ordinance in the content of high blood pressure. Following, each aim is stated and so analyzed. A 31 twelvemonth old adult male goes to his GP because he has started to hold terrible concerns that come on all of a sudden at assorted times during the twenty-four hours. We will write a custom essay sample on Cardiorespiratory Focus On Hypertension Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now He is a fiscal analyst who works in a bank in Canary Warf. Many of his co-workers have been made redundant but he has kept his occupation, although his line director has made it clear that he may lose it in the following few months if the state of affairs does non better. He says he works at least 15 hours a twenty-four hours and his matrimony is enduring because of this. He is seeking to give up smoke ( 1-2 battalions per twenty-four hours ) but the emphasis of work has made this hard. He goes with friends out to a wine saloon on a regular basis and admits to imbibing to a great extent one time or twice a hebdomad. Further oppugning reveals that his male parent died aged 61 from a shot. On scrutiny he is found to hold a BMI of 34 and a blood force per unit area of 190/125 mmHg. Retinal scrutiny shows some abnormalcies ( â€Å" silvering † ) in the blood vass. After look intoing the blood force per unit area reading on two farther occasions the GP suggests that his jobs are r elated to conceal blood force per unit area and refers him to the local high blood pressure clinic. After undergoing farther trials at the clinic he is started on drug therapy and given lifestyle advice. What is blood force per unit area and how is it regulated? Oxford medical dictionary defines blood force per unit area as â€Å" the force per unit area of blood exerted on the walls of blood vass † ( 1 ) . The maximal blood force per unit area exerted during systole when blood enters the aorta is called â€Å" systolic † whereas the minimal force per unit area exerted when aortal valves near during diastole is called â€Å" diastolic † . Figure 1 shows the alterations in force per unit area in aorta during cardiac rhythm bespeaking the systolic and diastolic force per unit areas. Fig. 1 – Systolic and diastolic force per unit areas ( 2 ) Blood force per unit area in the organic structure must be maintained in the normal degrees non merely to keep perfusion of blood to all the organic structure but besides to forestall unwanted complications due to high blood force per unit area. Therefore, the blood force per unit area should stay inside a scope of values. However, blood force per unit area frequently changes. During physical exercising higher force per unit area facilitates greater perfusion in the musculuss providing them with more O. Blood force per unit area depends on two chief parametric quantities: Cardiac end product ( C.O ) : Cardiac end product which is the sum of blood pumped from the bosom per minute depends on the shot volume and the bosom rate. Entire peripheral opposition ( T.P.R ) : It is the entire opposition exerted by the peripheral vasculature. This chiefly depends on the radius of the vass – narrower vass exert greater opposition. The above are linked with the undermentioned equation: M.A.P = C.O x T.P.R From the above relationship it is obvious that by altering the values of C.O or T.P.R the blood force per unit area ( average arterial force per unit area ) can alter every bit good. Based on this, three chief mechanisms are used to modulate blood force per unit area when it lies outside the normal scope: Neuronal system – Baroreceptors This is chiefly used for short term ordinance of blood force per unit area. Baroreceptors are detectors found in the internal carotid arteria ( carotid fistula ) and on the aorta ( aortal fistula ) ( 3 ) . These are detectors that can observe differences in stretch in these arterias bespeaking differences in blood force per unit area. These detectors are innervated by the Vagus ( X ) and glossopharyngeal ( IX ) nervousnesss which travel up to cardioinhibitory and vasomotor centre in the myelin of the encephalon. Increase in blood force per unit area ( high blood pressure ) increases the fire of baroreceptors to the vasomotor centre. This causes a lessening in the sympathetic nervous outflow doing relaxation of the arteriolas, therefore diminishing T.P.R. In add-on, the cardioinhibitory Centre increases the parasympathetic activity decelerating down the bosom rate, therefore cut downing C.O ( 4 ) . Consequently the M.A.P is decreased. The contrary applies when blood force per unit are a is low ( hypotension ) . Figure 2 is a diagrammatic representation of the baroreceptor physiological reaction. Fig. 2 – Baroreceptor physiological reaction ( 5 ) Hormonal system – RAAS system This system is for longer term ordinance of blood force per unit area every bit good as blood volume. Figure 3 presents the Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System. Aldosterone Secretion Angiotensinogen Angiotensin II Angiotensin I Fig. 3 – RAAS ( 6 ) In the kidneys Low Na concentration in the distal tubing, which indicates low blood force per unit area, is detected by sunspot densa cells. Furthermore, autumn in nephritic perfusion is detected by the juxtaglomerular setup. A bead in either of these two causes the release of renin from the kidney. In the pneumonic circulation renin is used to change over angiotensinogen to Angiotensin I. Angiotensin I is so split into Angiotensin II which is a vasoconstrictive. It besides acts on the adrenal secretory organs to let go of aldosterone. Aldosterone is a endocrine that increases the synthesis of Na+/K+-ATPase, therefore increasing Na and H2O resorption. On the whole, this mechanism increases both the volume of the blood and T.P.R to overall increase the force per unit area ( 7 ) . Atrial Natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) This is once more a hormonal manner of blood ordinance. Specialized atrial myocytes can feel increased stretching of the atrial walls of the bosom due to increased blood volumes. You read "Cardiorespiratory Focus On Hypertension Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" These let go of the ANP endocrine which decreases the release of chymosin in the blood ensuing in a lessening in the activity of RAAS. In add-on, it causes increased force per unit area in the capsule of the kidney by coincident relaxation of the afferent arteriola and bottleneck of the motorial arteriola so as to increase glomerular filtration rate. Define and sort high blood pressure. How is high blood pressure measured? WHO on its ain definition of high blood pressure states the followers: â€Å" Blood force per unit area, like tallness and weight, is a uninterrupted biological variable with no cut-off point dividing normotension from high blood pressure. The uninterrupted relationship between the degree of blood force per unit area and cardiovascular hazard makes any numerical definition and categorization of high blood pressure slightly arbitrary. Therefore, a definition of high blood pressure is normally taken as that degree of arterial blood force per unit area associated with doubling of long-run cardiovascular hazard † ( 8 ) High blood pressure can be classified in different ways harmonizing to the standards of categorization. Depending on the cause high blood pressure is classified in ( 9 ) : Essential – Primary high blood pressure: the cause in unknown. Secondary high blood pressure: there is an underlying obvious cause. Depending on the existent blood force per unit area degrees, British Hypertension Society guidelines sort Hypertension as presented on the tabular array below ( Fig.4 ) : Fig. 4 – British Hypertension Society categorization of blood force per unit area degrees ( 10 ) Sphygmometer is used to mensurate blood force per unit area of the brachial arteria. However, a individual elevated reading on scrutiny does non bespeak high blood pressure. This might be due to anxiousness and addition of sympathetic activity. This state of affairs is called the â€Å" white coat syndrome † . As a consequence, blood force per unit area must be measured more than one time every bit good as measured at place when the patient is relaxed. What are the physiological causes of high blood pressure? To get down with, it is indispensable to understand the scientific discipline behind the haemodynamics in order to be able to understand the physiological causes of high blood pressure: Independently of the cause, high blood pressure develops as a effect of one of the followers: High Intravascular volume: This means that there is a high volume of blood in the circulation that increases the venous return in the bosom. Consequently, this increases the preload and therefore the C.O taking to elevated blood force per unit area as described in the first aim. High intravascular volume may be due to increased H2O and salt keeping because of high angiotonin II and aldosterone concentrations, or nephritic tissue harm. Increased venous return: In this instance the intravascular volume is normal but there is increased venous tone which once more increases the venous return to the bosom. Abnormal arterial wall: This implies either reduced radius of arterial lms or decreased conformity. The first is true in increased sympathetic activity and atheromatous plaques formation. The latter is true in reduced snap and collagen replacing due to increased age or harm due to substances such as smoke. Merely 5-10 % of instances have an underlying obvious cause of high blood pressure. As mentioned earlier high blood pressure is categorized based on cause as follows: Essential In indispensable high blood pressure there is no obvious cause for high blood force per unit area. There is a assortment of hazard factors taking to this type of high blood pressure that will be explained subsequently. Different researches over the old ages have concluded to some theories that might explicate indispensable high blood pressure. These are ( 11 ) : High sympathetic tone: Increased sympathetic tone even when the individual is relaxed causes vasoconstriction of the arteriolas and finally hypertrophy of the smooth musculus in the vass. High salt in diet: High salt in diet has been related to keeping of H2O, increased blood volume and therefore high blood pressure Stress: As in our instance, emphasis increases the activity of sympathetic system. Stress for long periods causes hypertrophy of smooth musculus in arteriolas and contracting of their lms so that high blood pressure remains even in stress free periods. A combination of the above may be. Secondary Secondary high blood pressure may hold several causes as explained below: Nephritic disease: On one manus secondary high blood pressure may be due to stricture of a nephritic arteria. This triggers the RAAS system and increases blood force per unit area. On the other manus there may be devastation of the nephritic tissue taking to inability of kidneys to egest necessary sum of H2O or salt taking once more to high blood pressure. Endocrinological tumors: Tumours of secretory organs that secrete endocrines such as aldosterone. Hyperaldosteroinism ( Conn ‘s syndrome ) can take to hyper-secretion of aldosterone doing greater resorption of H2O and Na than normal ( 12 ) . Congenital aortal deformity: This is constriction of aorta which is fundamentally the narrowing of aorta, ensuing in reduced nephritic perfusion and activation of the RAAS system Combined Oral preventive pills: This is a type of drug induced high blood pressure. In this instance oestrogen administrated as a portion of the preventive pill acts as a vasoconstrictive and besides increases angiotensinogen ( 4 ) . Eclampsia – Pregnancy: Although the grounds behind this are non wholly clear, pre-eclampsia may be due to placental disfunction every bit good as immune response of the female parent against the placental tissue conveying about high blood pressure ( 13 ) . Hazard factors There are a figure of hazard factors responsible for developing high blood pressure which have been supported by a assortment of surveies. A survey published on 2006 based on informations collected on a population of American Indians indicates some of the undermentioned as hazard factors for high blood pressure ( 14 ) . These can be extrapolated for the general population. Hazard factors are non merely familial but besides environmental factors. Most of the below are true in our PBL scenario: African lineage Sexual activity gender – males: A research published late on Hypertension diary provinces that mistake signals in commanding of the sympathetic system exist between the two genders giving differences in the controlling of blood force per unit area ( 15 ) . Increasing age Low societal category High salt consumption, high fat diet Stress Fleshiness Chronic conditions such as diabetes, nephritic diseases, sleep apnoea. High intoxicants intake Smoking No exercising What are the symptoms and what are possible complications of high blood pressure? High blood pressure is known as the â€Å" soundless slayer † as most of the times is symptomless until it develops sudden complications such as shots or bosom onslaughts that can take to decease ( 16 ) . Often, the high blood pressure is non detected until a random look into up modus operandi is taken. However some people may see the followers: Dizziness Blurred vision ( due to damage of the retina of the oculus ) Concern Long-standing high blood pressure will finally do coronary artery disease with all the possible effects of the disease. Furthermore, it causes reconstructing – hypertrophy of the bosom taking to more dangerous state of affairss. Serious complications of high blood pressure are: Nephritic decease ( 17 ) : It can take to weakened or narrowed blood vass in kidney impairing its map. Stroke: Vessels of the encephalon may split or non good perfused taking to stroke. Heart onslaught: The bosom has to work harder to pump blood against greater force per unit area. This may develop bosom failure and inability of the bosom to pump blood to cover organic structure ‘s demands. Aneurysms: May do pouching in arterias taking to tearing them Vision loss: Due to damage of the little fragile vass of the oculus. What are the intervention and lifestyle alterations for the patient? A combination of drug intervention and lifestyle alterations is necessary for bar of the complications listed above ( 18 ) . The following table lists interventions and the mechanism they work. Drug Category Drug name Mechanism ACE inhibitors Enalapril They block the transition of angiotensinogen to Angiotensin I and therefore barricade the RAAS. Diuretic drugs Thiazides They increase the sum of H2O and salts excreted in the piss so that they decrease blood volume. I ±-blockers Doxazosin They work by barricading I ±1-adrenoreceptors on the walls of blood vass so that they cause vasodilatation. I?-blockers Atenolol They block I?1- adrenoreceptors on the bosom diminishing bosom rate and shot strength, therefore diminishing cardiac end product and finally force per unit area. CaC blockers Nifedipine They block the Ca channels forestalling Ca come ining the cell. As a consequence they prevent vasoconstriction. In add-on to the drug therapy the patient has to watch his diet by cut downing the Na and fat consumption. Exercise should go portion of his life and surcease of smoke and restricting intoxicant ingestion are necessary. Patient has to restrict his emphasis every bit much as possible and regular monitoring of blood force per unit area can be life salvaging. How to cite Cardiorespiratory Focus On Hypertension Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Business Statistics Concepts and Applications

Question: Discuss about the Business Statistics for Concepts and Applications. Answer: Introduction At present business world, companies face significant issues in conducting their business competently while fulfilling their corporate social responsibilities and doing business ethically. Corporate social responsibility is an approach of doing business that helps in developing economic, social and environmental condition of the community sustainably (Baumann-Pauly et al. 2013). Here, two business situations are analyzed, where ethical issues are faced and overcome. Business ethics includes appropriate business practices and policies pertaining to potentially controversial issues like insider trading corporate governance, corporate social responsibilities and ethical dilemmas and so on (Ulrich and Sarasin, 2012).While working as a practitioner, I faced issues related to cultural competency. The patient I was looking after belonged to a tribal community and hence, I was unable to understand his needs. He was a patient of hypertension and insomnia and 68 years old and his name was Mr. Jones. I faced the issue, as I did not have appropriate knowledge regarding his culture and language. Tesco, the leading retail organization faced ethical issues for not giving payment to its supplying timely. Moreover, it the company is alleged to conduct payments unethically to the suppliers for ledge promotion. Although, the company is focused on offering best products to customers, however, it failed to fulfill legal requirements related to business ethics. It is found that due to lack of efficiency of the board of Tesco, the half-yearly profit of the company was overstated by 263m, this may be the result of delay in payment to the suppliers (Theguardian.com, 2017). Nature of the situation The situation was very complicated for me, as I had to ask my senior for help in almost every hour, as I could not recognize his requirements properly. According to Homburg et al. (2013), business ethics help people to differentiate between right and wrong. However, being a practitioner, I was not competent enough to handle the situation appropriately by overcoming the issue related to cultural sensitivity. The issue faced by Tesco is associated to financial management, which is related to short deliveries comprising burden of penalties, customer complaint, invoice discrepancies, supposition of unknown items, inference for advertising fixed cost and historic promotion (Theguardian.com, 2017). Impact of challenges faced in the situation on the stakeholders As I was unable to understand the need of the Mr. Jones, hence, sometimes it became difficult for me to provide appropriate service within proper time. Due to which, he felt helpless and he was reluctant to communicate with me. He needed proper care and effective communication with his care worker, who could help him to release his tension and made him feel comfortable and safe. I could recognize that he became more tensed and restless, when he was unable to make me understand about his needs and expectations. As, I was unable to provide him proper care, therefore, I was becoming under confident regarding my role and responsibility. Due to the ethical issue faced by Tesco in delaying payment to the suppliers, the company had to bear significant penalty under the Groceries Code Adjudicator (GCA). The organization imposes penalty up to 1% to the yearly turnover of big retailers. For breaching the GCA code, the name of Tesco came into accounting scandal that is harmful for the reputation and brand image of Tesco. Moreover, for not giving payment on time, business relationship with supplier could not be managed properly, which may harm the overall performance of the firm (Theguardian.com, 2017). Processes of overcoming the situation As stated by Baker and Comer (2012), learning cultural competency has become essential for nurses at resent day, as people belong to different cultural background come to hospitals for treatment. Without having knowledge regarding cultural competency, it is not possible provide effective services to the care users and attain their satisfaction. The social learning theory stipulates people are likely to do things that provide them self-worth. Hence, for overcoming the difficulties, I started focusing on increasing my knowledge regarding tribal community, their language and social norms so that I could improve my service provided to Mr. Jones. First, I started learning tribal language for increasing effectiveness of the conversation between Mr. Jones and me. Eventually, I was able to understand his expectation from me, and provide him care accordingly. Thus, I regained my self-confidence. In order to deal with the situation, the company must identify and fulfil the regulations and codes imposed by GCA. Utilitarianism theory states that a business action is considered as right if it creates positive outcomes on the stakeholders (Berenson et al. 2012). Hence, Tesco can apply this theory for assessing future risks and taking necessary decisions. Therefore, Tesco had taken necessary measures for dealing with the ethical issue effectively. The company has changed the way of dealing with its suppliers. Furthermore, Tesco announced that, it would continue full cooperation with GCA so that it can conduct its business ethically in present and future (Theguardian.com, 2017). Conclusion In order to deal with ethical issues effectively, it is essential for companies and employees to comply with all the legislations related business ethics. It any help them to improve overall quality and productivity. References Baker, S.D. and Comer, D.R., 2012. Business Ethics Everywhere An Experiential Exercise to Develop Students Ability to Identify and Respond to Ethical Issues in Business.Journal of Management Education,36(1), pp.95-125. Baumann-Pauly, D., Wickert, C., Spence, L.J. and Scherer, A.G., 2013. Organizing corporate social responsibility in small and large firms: Size matters.Journal of Business Ethics,115(4), pp.693-705. Berenson, M., Levine, D., Szabat, K.A. and Krehbiel, T.C., 2012.Basic business statistics: Concepts and applications.Pearson higher education AU. Homburg, C., Stierl, M. and Bornemann, T., 2013.Corporate social responsibility in business-to-business markets: how organizational customers account for supplier corporate social responsibility engagement.Journal of Marketing,77(6), pp.54-72. Theguardian.com (2017). Tesco under investigation by new regulator over dealings with suppliers. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/feb/05/tesco-faces-investigation-over-how-it-pays-suppliers [Accessed 18 Apr. 2017]. Ulrich, P. and Sarasin, C. eds., 2012.Facing public interest: The ethical challenge to business policy and corporate communications(Vol. 8).Springer Science Business Media.

Mongolia Essays - Communism In Mongolia, Inner Asia, Mongolia

Mongolia (Mongol Ard, Uls) Mongolia (Mongol Ard, Uls), landlocked nation in central Asia lying between China and the USSR. A vast plateau with extensive grasslands embraces the heartland of the country; part of the Gobi Desert occupies the S. An agricultural economy relies primarily on herd animals with more than 80% of the total land area devoted to pastureland. Herdsmen make up the majority of the labor force and have been organized into collectives. Crops are grown on large-scale state farms. More than 90% of the people are indigenous Mongolians; 75% Khalkha Mongols. The church was suppressed in the 1930s; at that time Tibetan Buddhist Lamaism was predominant. Only one active monastery remains. Governmental power is vested in the People's Great Khural of Deputies, elected every three years by universal suffrage. From this body is chosen a nine-member Presidium to exercise state affairs. Under Genghis Khan in the 13th century, Mongolia conquered most of Asia and much of Europe. In the 14th century the empire collapsed and came under Chinese rule. During the 1911 Chinese Revolution, Mongolia, with Russian backing, declared its independence; a republic was formed in 1924. Officially recognized by China in 1946, Mongolia became a member of the United Nations in 1961. In 1966 a Mongolian-Soviet assistance pact reinforced their anti-Chinese position. Since then Mongolia has developed closer ties with the USSR; relations with China have been strained, resulting in sporadic border incidents. Yumzhagiyen Tsedenbal was first secretary and chairman of the Presidium from 1974 until 1984, when he was replaced for reasons of ill health by Zhambyn Batmunkh. PROFILE Official name: Mongolian People's Republic Area: 604,247sq mi (1,565,000sq km) Population: 2,125,463 Density: 3.5per sq mi (1.4per sq km) Chief cities: Ulan Bator, capital; Darhan; Choybalsan Government: People's Republic Language: Khalkha Mongolian (official) Monetary unit: Tugrik Gross domestic product: $1,700,000,000 Per capita income: $880 Agriculture (major products): livestock Minerals (major): coal, tungsten, copper, gold, tin, molybdenum Trading partners (major): COMECON member countries

The Theatrical Effectiveness of The White Devil essays

The Theatrical Effectiveness of 'The White Devil' essays The White Devil is atypical of a revenge tragedy play. As a result, the action has to be ingenious and at times gruesome, whilst also being translatable to the stage. Webster uses many techniques and methods whether it is in staging, language or characterisation, to bring the action closer to the audience and heighten the theatrical effectiveness of the play. Act One Scene Two is the first introduction of the main characters; Brachiano, Vittoria, Camillo, Cornelia and Flamineo. It is a scene full of ambiguities and contradictions, the sense of ambivalence coming from both the language and the action. The staging of the play is effective in itself. The carpet and cushions which Zanche laid out implies a sexuality which contrasts with the romantic and almost cliched lovers conversation leaving the audience confused at their true motives or emotions. Likewise, the counterbalance of Flamineo and Zanche overseeing the action on one side, with Cornelia representing the virtuous holy maternal figure on the other is reminiscent of the morality play which characterises Vice and Virtue. Also, the observation of such private action allows Webster to include three viewpoints, gloating, passion and agonised despair. This open presentation of an important scene allows the audience to enter into the drama and choose their own moral angle on the events unfolding before them. The Jacobean audience would have immediately recognised the traditional characters of the Vice, Virtue and malcontent, making them less distanced by the paradoxical language, for example, the inverted collocation excellent devil. Another method of inciting an audience response is Websters use of bawdy humour with the sexual innuendo of the jewel imagery. However there is always another interpretation, jewel could either represent married chastity or more negatively, sexual organs. Another double meaning used to great effec...

The dichotomy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The dichotomy - Essay Example On one hand, the student feels achieved by mere success appraisal of the individual, which is a function of a number of considerations as discussed below. Theorists of the incremental perspective of learning place meaning on the perception of learning and intelligence, where flexible notions of learning determine how an individual associates success to a task. Proponents of this perspective hold the view that students see opportunities in their own experiences and hold little credit on the views of other persons. Opinion on the evaluation outcomes does not make a huge impact on the perceptions held on individual performance. In light of the demands of learning, effort made towards a task amount to an experience rewarding enough that the opinion of an evaluator would not significantly change the overall satisfaction obtained. Incremental view of the learning process is that the opinion of the appraising individual is secondary to the essential part of the task, whether quality is achieved of otherwise (Shippensburg University 2012, para.7). Despite the demands of an appraisal likely to form part of the learning assignment, the student attaches meaning to the learning experience as opposed to appraisal. Perhaps one of the reasons why the student opts to employ personal evaluation strategy could arise from available alternatives to appraisal. The evaluation aspect by a team as an optional functionality in the determination of success upon learning the piece of music gives the student a choice of evaluation alternatives, personal appraisal included on the list of appraisal methods. In view of making choices from the different options of evaluation available to students, the students with a higher belief on their performances may opt to make the appraisal by their own volition not only demonstrate the logic of their interpretation to learning but also potential to evaluate. Despite the fact that

Electronic Health Record Functionality Standards Essay

Electronic Health Record Functionality Standards - Essay Example nt time and other resources in the evaluation and examination of the findings in relation to the required data for the EHR selection and decision making process, regulatory measures as well as the need for the EHR equipment (Carol 2007). This is the first step in incorporating findings into the EHR selection and decision making process; this committee should comprise all the stakeholders such as health practitioners, IT experts and other persons who may be affected by the EHR equipment. The formulation of a list of the functional models of the Electronic Health Record may be a complex process to most health practitioners; however, this process has been made easier by the use of the HL7 Functional Model which specifies various imperative aspects of the Electronic Health Records that apply to most health institutions (Carol 2007). This is the next crucial step in the incorporation of findings and results in EHR selection and decision making process. It ensures that persons purchasing the EHR equipment are in a position to access pertinent information that provides assurance in regard to the proper functionality of the products. Various acts have been implemented to certify EHR vendors who meet the needs and specification of the EHR equipment. These acts include; the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH). This act stipulates effective testing methodologies of the Electronic Health Equipment which checks compliance in relation to the section 320 (b). Other regulatory measures have been implemented by a non-profit organization known as the (CCHIT), Certification Commission for Health Information Technology. This commission authorizes the use of Electronic Health Records in the United States of America through certification (Kasprak 2008). In this aspect, the EHR committee may apply this knowledge in selecting the proper EHR equipment as well as their suppliers. The current rising number of EHR vendors may pose a challenge to the

The Life Span Developmental Perspective Psychology Essay

The Life Span Developmental Perspective Psychology Essay The first chapter was very interesting from start to finish. However, out of all the concepts covered in this chapter the original sin, tabula rasa, and innate goodness views were the concepts that really fascinated me. The reason for this is that I am a Roman Catholic, therefore as part of my faith I am supposed to believe that we are all born with original sin. After reading the Tabula Rasa View and dwelling on my basic knowledge of human behavior, I leaned more towards English philosopher John Lockes theory. I believe that children are not born innately bad. It has been said that a childs brain is like a sponge therefore it absorbs everything. With that being said, it is obvious that a child develops characteristics through experience. This would also mean that I agree with nurture as oppose to Nature for child development. However, I do believe that genetics and disorders such as mental illness that one might acquire through birth can impact the way they are developed. Chapter 1 gave me a basic understanding of Life Span Developmental Psychology as well as an idea of what I can expect to learn and study in later chapters. Chapter 2 : The Science of Life Span Development introduced me to theories of development, such as Psychoanalytic, Cognitive, and Ethological. In addition, the different research methods used by scientists such as standard tests and correlation research. As well as the challenges ethics, gender, and culture have on the research. This chapter also informed me on the different theories developed by scientists such as Erik Erikson, Sigmund Freud, and B.F. Skinner and the impact they had and still do have on life span development. As chapter 1 grabbed my interest with the ideas and concepts of Life Span Development being predominantly environmental as oppose to biological, so did chapter 2. Not only did I agree with the view of Social Cognitive Theory being that behavior, environment, and cognition are the key factors in development, I was fascinated on how the book related Banduras model to a college students achievement behavior. The example stated that a college student who studies hard and gets good grades produces positivity in their thoughts and abilities. If the college provides a study skill class and the students succeed, then this is an example on how environment influenced behavior. In return, if the college expanded their study skills program based on the success of its past students, then this is an example of behavior changing the environment. The most interesting part of Chapter 2 was the role ethics play in Life Span Development research. Obviously people are entitled to rights of privacy and do not like the intrusive vibes that some researchers might give off during an experiment. However I do believe that in order to obtain the greatest amount of useful information, flexibility and professionalism by the scientists and subjects are needed to produce the best result. Chapter 3 Chapter 3 Biological Beginnings examined the concepts of evolution and the early stages of Life Span Development. Genetics, DNA, chromosomes, and the effects of biological make up have on development were introduced. In addition, the relationship and importance of hereditary and environmental interaction were examined. Essentially, this chapter was everything you would have learned from fifth grade sexual education, but on a larger more in depth scale. I am one of six children and hope to be a father someday. With that being said, I found the section on infertility the most interesting as well as the most useful concept revealed in this chapter. I was already aware of the fact that drugs such as cocaine and marijuana can affect the sperm count in men, but I was not aware that it was reversible after approximately one year. With all the shows on TV such as John and Kate Plus Eight or the Octo-Mom craze, it was interesting to learn how infertility drugs have caused super ovulation, meaning to produce three or more babies at a time. While the infertility section was useful and informative, I would have liked to learn more about preventative actions that could be used against problems such as immobile sperm, and Pituitary or ovarian tumors. The chapter only covered possible causes and treatments for fertility disorders, not the acts that could save someone from the pain, suffering, and expense that infertility brings. Even if it were small common known facts like wearing boxers over briefs. Its a simple yet effective way of eliminating low sperm count and ultimately infertility. I feel that this type of information could decrease the ten to fifteen percent of couples who face infertility in the United States as stated by the book. Chapter 4 Chapter 4 Prenatal Development and Birth covered anything and everything there is to know about pregnancy before, during, and after. Prenatal developmental subjects such as cultural beliefs, teratology and prenatal hazards were introduced as well as the three periods of prenatal development. These three periods are germinal, embryonic, and fetal. Following the three periods of prenatal development, the book described the three stages of birth which are contractions, movement of the babys head to the cervix, and finally the afterbirth where the placenta and umbilical cord are removed. The chapter ended with the post-partum period, where the woman returns to pre-pregnancy state as well as her adjustments and relationship with the baby. With such an informative and interesting chapter, it is difficult for me to choose a topic that intrigued me more or left me with doubt and unanswered questions. Perhaps the section that I absorbed the most information from was the post-partum period. The information given about the physical, emotional, and psychological adjustments that a woman goes through after pregnancy will be useful for me with the future mother of my children. A part of post child birth that this chapter exposed me to that I never really gave much thought, was the fact that the men go through difficult adjustments in the post-partum period as well. Apparently, men suffer from a jealousy of the babys attention which I felt was ridiculous. However, I do believe that time set aside for the couple is very important for their sanity and will ultimately lead to better parenting. So if my wife is suffering from excessive worrying, depression, extreme changes in appetite, crying spells or inability to sleep, I will kn ow from chapter 4 of Life Span Developmental Psychology, that she might require professional help. Chapter 5 As stated in the title, chapter 5 covered the Physical Development in Infancy. The physical growth aspects of infancy such as Cephalocaudal and Proximodistal patterns, height weight, nutrition, and even toilet training were described. Following the physical developments, motor, sensory and perceptual development was defined through definitions such as sensation, when information interacts with sensory receptors, and the five different forms of reflexes. Chapter 5 alone can be a useful tool for parents who have any questions on the development of an infant. Out of the many topics covered in this chapter, I of course identified most with the toilet training. For years I had pride myself on the notion that I was some sort of baby genius because I learned to potty train at the age of four. After reading that children have the physical and motor skills to use the toilet as oppose to their pants, I realized that I was not a baby genius but a late bloomer. Besides destroying my ego, I did learn that one of the main reasons I have been underweight my whole life is due to the fact that I was not breast fed. The book states the breast feeding allows appropriate weight gain, fewer allergies, less diaherria and many other benefits that I did not have the opportunity to experience. This chapter had me realize how the physical development in infancy can affect the physical developments of adolescence and adult hood. Ultimately, this chapter reinforced the importance of proper nutrition, continuous stimulation of the mind and body are crucial during infant development. Chapter 6 The memory, sensory, and language of infants were all described in Chapter 6 Cognitive Development in Infancy. A name that was mentioned numerous times throughout the chapter was psychologist Jean Piaget. Piaget developed a theory on Cognitive Development after meticulously observing of his own children; Laurent, Lucienne, and Jacqueline. Piaget believed that a child passes through different stages of thought from birth to adolescence. An important concept of his theory is scheme, which helps individuals organize and understand their experiences. The most fascinating part of chapter six for me was the defining, of language and a childs development of vocabulary. An interesting fact I learned was that children all over the world reach language milestones at about the same time developmentally despite vast variation in language input. The chapter also offered helpful strategies to develop an infants language and those are recasting, echoing, expanding, and labeling. An example for recasting is if the baby says the bell rang the parent should respond by saying where did the bell ring. This allows the infant to learn the language by elaborating on an interest they had already stated. Perhaps the most common method is labeling, which is just basically naming objects and having the baby repeat them such eyes, and ears. The chapter ended by stating that parents should not use any deliberate method to teach their children to talk and that if the child is a slow learner intervention should happen naturally with the goal of being able to convey a meaning. Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Socioemotional Development in Infancy defined what emotional and personality development are in addition to the definition of attachment and infants in social contexts. The vast emotions an infant contains from crying to smiling were detailed such as the differences between an anger cry and a pain cry, as well as the difference between a reflexive smile and a social smile. Other concepts introduced were defining temperament, which psychiatrist have argued that there are three types an easy, difficult, and slow-to-warm-up child. The chapter ended focusing on the importance of a childs surrounding such as family and day care. These concepts were the transition to parenthood, the family as a system, and maternal/parental infant care giving. What captivated my attention the most from this chapter was the section on attachment, because it is something that I believe is very crucial in a childs development, however there are many different ideas and methods that can sometime cause debate or conflict between parents. Something I learned new about attachment from the chapter was that attachment does not emerge suddenly but rather develops in a series of phases. The first phase starts from birth to two months where infants are instinctively directing their attention to any human being, family or stranger. The second phase is from two to seven months in which the attachment becomes focused on one figure usually the primary caregiver, and learns the difference between familiar and unfamiliar faces. From seven to twenty-four months in phase three the infant makes specific attachments to their main caregivers. Finally, in phase four a goal corrected partnership is formed which the child becomes aware of others and takes this into account when deciding their actions. Chapter 8 The early childhood section of the book started in Chapter 8 Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood. The physical development was defined by body growth and change, motor development, nutrition, and illness/death. The concepts described in the cognitive development, were Piagets and Vygotskys theories of development, information processing, language development, and early childhood education. In addition, to information processing, language development, and early childhood education. The most alarming information listed in this chapter was the leading causes of illness and death for young children in the united states. Out of all the diseases that could potentially harm a child, accidents are still the leading cause of child fatality. Accidents such as motor vehicle, drowning, falls, and poisoning are higher risks than cancer, meningitis, measles, and even chicken pox. One of the many useful tips listed in this chapter were the descriptions of young childrens education programs. Such as the difference between Montessori and child centered kindergarten. In kindergarten, the instructor focuses on the process of learning, rather than what is actually being learned. Montessori instructors serve as more of a facilitator allowing children to practice freedom and spontaneity. I learned that Montessori offers way more than what I thought was just a glorified day care. Studies have shown that while early childhood education is good, it is important to not add too much stress on a child early, for they can develop a pattern of stress. Chapter 9 The theme for chapter 9 was Socioemotional Development in early childhood development. This included emotional and personality development, families and peer evaluations. The emotional and personality development covered self understanding, emotional development, moral development and gender identity. The family section of this chapter consisted of different styles of parenting which included authoritarian, authorative, neglectful, and indulgent. In addition to sibling influence, relationship, and the affect working parents have on a childs development. Finally, the funnest part of the chapter was all about the different aspects of childs play such as games and television. As I stated earlier, I really enjoyed the different descriptions of child playing listed in this chapter. According to Mildred Parten, there are four classifications of childrens play which include unoccupied, solitary, onlooker, parallel, associative, and cooperative. Each different classification offers the child different skills of learning and drawbacks. Unoccupied play, solitary, onlooker, and parallel play are generally practiced by children between the ages of 3 to 7, preschool kindergarten years. Associative and cooperative play is generally more structured and is aimed towards competition and winning therefore they are aimed for 7 years and beyond. A shocking statistic that the book offered was the effects of television on Childrens Aggression and prosocial behavior. In on longitudinal study, the amount of violence viewed on television at age 8 was significantly related to the seriousness of criminal acts performed as an adult. The chapter contained a chart that exposed the percentage of 9 year old children who report watching more than five hours of television per weekday, the chart revealed that the United States led all countries in the 21.3 percentile. Chapter 10 Chapter 10 opened section 5 of the book which covers middle and late childhood. The chapter covered the Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle and Late Childhood. The physical development section covered body growth and proportion, motor development, exercise and sports, health, illness, diseases, and children with disabilities. The cognitive development section consisted of Piagets theory, information processing, intelligence, creativity, and language development. Being a firm believer in the importance of exercise and sports, I identified with that aspect of the chapter. As I was completely already aware of, the book stated that American children do not receive enough exercise in their development. According to a 1997 study, only 22 percent of children between the ages of 9 to 12 participate in thirty minutes of physical activity a day. The parents of the other 78 percent said their children were too busy playing video games, watching TV, or wasting time on the computer. I really liked how the chapter brought up the issue of school sports programs not facing enough moral questioning. I am a firm believer in the costiveness that sports have on students. I believe it raises their confidence, teaches them to work hard and push themselves. However, often times the school sport programs interfere with a childs academic, which is by far the most important aspect of human development. There needs to be better regulation of these programs to ensure the success of its student-athletes. Chapter 11 The Socioemotional Development in Middle and Late Childhood. The following concepts were Emotional and Personality development, families, peers, and schools. Like in previous chapters, emotional and personality development consisted of the self, emotional, moral and gender identity and development. Family section covered parent child issues such as the issue of changes in discipline. The peers section dealt with concepts of peer statuses, bullying, social cognition, and friendship. I enjoyed the peer section of this chapter. It was interesting to read their definition, and reasoning behind social statuses such as popular children, neglected children, rejected children, and controversial children. According to the book, popular children are frequently nominated as a best friend and are rarely disliked by their peers. Popular children give out reinforcements, listen carefully, maintain open lines of communication with peers, are happy, act like them, show enthusiasm and concern for others, and are self-confident without being conceited. I disagree with this definition. From my understanding, popular children are usually popular based on superior athletic abilities, good looks, charm and charisma. Most of the time they are very conceited and show very little concern for others, speaking as a former popular child, I was an asshole. The section on bullying was very informative. I particularly enjoyed their suggestions on the reducing of bullying which were to get older peers to serve as monitors for bullying and intervene when they see it taking place, form friendship groups for adolescents who are regularly bullied by peers, incorporate the message of the anti-bullying program into church, school, and other community activates where adolescents are involved. Chapter 12 Section 6 Adolescents opened up with Chapter 12 Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence. The concepts covered in this chapter were the nature of adolescence, puberty, adolescent sexuality, adolescent problems and health, adolescent cognition, and schools. Puberty was defined by pubertys boundaries and determinants, hormonal changes, height, weight, sexual maturation, body image, early and late maturation. Adolescent sexuality consisted of developing a sexual identity, the progression of adolescent sexual behaviors, risk factors for sexual problems, contraceptive use, sexually transmitted diseases and pregnancy. Adolescent health and problems covered substance use and abuse, eating disorders, and general adolescent health. Adolescent cognition was defined by Piagets theory, egocentrism, and information processing. Finally schools impact on adolescence went over the transition of middle school, effective schools, high school dropouts, and moral education. Without a doubt chapter 12 was by far the most interesting and informational chapter yet. With such well written, intelligent facts on the changes that adolescence brings, I almost felt as if I was reliving that time in development myself after reading this chapter. Perhaps one of the more interesting facts listed was the progression of adolescent sexual behavior. According to a survey done in 1998, the majority of adolescent females first voluntary sexual partner are 27 percent of the time to be 3 or four times older and 12 percent are 5 or more years older. The average age children lose their virginity is 17, this means that 12 percent of the time, 22 year olds or older are engaging in sexual intercourse with teenagers. I found that to be very distributing. Chapter 13 Following the books typical pattern, the second chapter in the section of Adolescence dealt with the Socioemotional Development in Adolescence. The chapters concepts were identity, families, peers, culture and adolescent development, and adolescent problems. Identity discussed contemporary thoughts about identity, identity statuses and development, family influences on identity, cultural and ethnic aspects of identity. The Families section had two major concepts which were autonomy and attachment as well as parent adolescent conflict. The peers section was defined the three concepts of Peer groups, friendships, and dating/romantic relationships. Culture and adolescent development consisted of the cross cultural comparisons and rites of passage and ethnicity concept. Finally, the adolescent problems section of the chapter discussed concepts of juvenile delinquency, depression and suicide, in addition to the interrelation of problems and successful prevention/ intervention programs. After reading this chapter I realized that I am more intrigued by the Adolescent development stage rather than early childhood. I think this could be because I am closer to it age wise, but mostly due to the fact that it is such an intense, and complex part of a persons life that it can affect their future. Speaking from a former delinquent, I felt that the chapter described the causes of delinquency being partially hereditary, identity problems, community influences, and family experiences all just factors. Chapter 14 Section 7 Early Adulthood was opened with Chapter 14 Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood. The chapter dealt with the transition from adolescence to adulthood, physical development, sexuality, cognitive development, careers and work. The section on the transition from adolescence to adulthood consisted of two concepts being the criteria for becoming an adult, and the transition from high school to college. Physical development included the peak and slowdown in physical performance, eating and weight, regular exercise, and substance abuse. The sexuality section was defined by sexual orientation, sexually transmitted diseases, forcible sexual behavior and sexual harassment. Cognitive Development focused on cognitive stages and creativity. The most intense section was careers and work because it consisted of the following concepts; developmental changes, personality types, values and careers, monitoring the occupational handbook, the skills employers want, finding the r ight career, and just work in general. Since I could be considered an early adult, I found this chapter to be very relatable and interesting. Of course the most interesting section of this chapter was sexuality. What was so interesting about this section were once again the surveys results. According to this survey Americans tend to fall into three categories, one third have sex twice a week or more, one third have a few times a month, and the other third has it a few times a year or less. A result from the essay I did not agree with or thought perhaps is out dated, was that America believes strongly in sexual behavior between married couples and monogamy. There have been many other studies and surveys that proved opposite that we are one of the many non-monogamous countries in the world today. Chapter 15 Socioemotional Development in Early Adulthood was what was covered in chapter 15. Topics included Continuity and Discontinuity from Childhood to Adulthood, Attraction, Love and Close friendships, Marriage/Family, The Diversity of Adult Lifestyles, Gender, Relationships, and Self Development. Temperament and Attachment were covered in the Continuity and Discontinuity from Childhood section of the chapter. Attraction, Love and Close Friendships was divided into three sections of attraction, the faces of love, and loneliness. Marriage and Family consisted of the family life cycle, marriage in general, the aspects of gender and emotion in Marriage, as well as parental roles. Single, cohabiting, divorced, remarried, gay and lesbian adults were examined in the diversity of adult lifestyles section of this chapter. The last section, Gender, Relationships, and Self-development consisted on the development of men and women. I enjoyed the section on marital expectations and myths because it gave me a good sense of what I can expect if I ever do get married. According to the book, the reason for our nations high divorce and dissatisfaction of marriage is due to the fact that we have too high of expectations. We expect our spouse to simultaneously be a lover, friend, a confidant, a counselor, a career person, and a parent. The myths of marriage were the most interesting part of this concept. Apparently, avoiding conflict does not save marriages, sex is not the main cause of affairs, and men arent all philanderers. After reading this chapter all I could say was, AMEN! Tools that make marriage work are establishing love maps, nurturing fondness and admiration, Turning toward each other instead of away, letting your partner influence you, and solving solvable conflicts. Useful tool were provided in this chapter. Chapter 16 Section 8 Middle Adulthood began as all other sections with Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood. Topics included in chapter 16 were changing middle age, physical development, cognitive development, careers, work, and leisure, religion and meaning of life. Physical development included physical changes, health and diseases, culture, personality, relationships and health, morality rates and sexuality. Cognitive development was described through the concepts of intelligence and information processing. Job satisfaction, career challenges and changes, and leisure were what was covered in the careers, work and leisure section. Finally, Religion and meaning of life consisted of the affect religion has on the health and psychological development of middle adult hood. This chapter was kind of depressing to read. It made me realize that middle adult hood is usually spent wishing that you were still in early adult hood and are constantly fearing for late adulthood. With middle adult hood comes a terrible physical change like wrinkles, aging spots, decrease in height, increase in weight and the more likelihood of containing a serious disease or illness such as cardio vascular disease. An interesting part of the chapter was the description of leisure in middle adult hood. Leisure refers to the pleasant times after work when individuals are free to pursue activities and interests of their own choosing. One aspect of middle adulthood to look forward to be the fact that most adults have more money therefore they can do hobbies such as traveling. He book states that traveling is very important to the well being of a middle adult because it gives them a chance to distress and get away from the typical routine aspects of life. Adults who vacation can live up to nine years longer than those who dont. Chapter 17 Chapter 17 was about the Socioemotional Development in Middle Adulthood. Personality theories and development in middle adult hood, which consisted of adult stage theories, the life events approach, and contexts of midlife development, were the first section of this chapter. Stability and Change was described by two concepts of longitudinal studies and conclusions. The last part of the chapter discussed close relationships which was described by love/marriage at midlife, the empty nest and its refilling, parenting conceptions, sibling relationships and friends, and intergenerational relationships. My mothers relationships with her siblings and parents are complex. Therefore the sibling relationships and friendships section of this book was what I felt I could identify with the most because I wanted to learn more about the dynamics of those relationships and how they change when you reach midlife. Unfortunately, the chapter didnt really cover anything it just said some stay close some grow apart. I would have like to know why some siblings stay close and some grow apart. In addition to maybe some strategies to keep those relationships close would have been nice. One interesting aspect of this chapter was the empty nest syndrome. According to the book the empty nest syndrome is the marital satisfaction decreases because parents derive considerable satisfaction from their children and the childrens departure leaves parents with empty feelings. Parents who live vicariously through their children suffer from emptiness syndrome. On the other hand, other couples greater marriage satisfaction when the children leave because they are able to live as they did before there was children, like more time for each other and other pursuits. Chapter 18 Finally Ive reached the last section which is the inevitable Late Adulthood. As always, The physical Development in Late Adulthood was examined first. The topics were Longevity, The course of physical development in late adulthood, and health. Longevity consisted of life expectancy, life span, the young old, the old old, and the oldest old and biological theories of aging. The course of physical development in late adulthood is the aging brain, physical appearance, sensory development, the circulatory system, the respiratory system, and sexuality development. As if all that wasnt enough, the book discussed late adulthood health, with topics of health problems, the robust oldest old, exercise, nutrition, weight, and finally health treatment. This chapter was depressing, informative, and interesting all at once. The depressing aspect of this chapter was the descriptions of the physical changes you face with late adulthood development. You become more vulnerable to diseases, we lose considerable muscle mass, contain a more sagging look, as well as loss of hearing, smell, taste and just about every other aspect of our physical being is worsen. Not to mention you become more asexual, due to diseases such as erectile dysfunction and societal views of disgust towards senior citizens engaging in such acts. Some of the more informative information in this chapter was the growing controversy over vitamins and aging. My grandparents take several vitamins because they were instructed that it was crucial to their health. According to the book, some researchers believe that just a balance diet is all that is needed to achieve health at an old age. Why this is true and important, other studies have shown that other factors such as pollution, smoking, and poor food quality can make it difficult, therefore those who took antioxidants like vitamin E reduced their chance of heart disease. Chapter 19 Chapter 19 was the Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood. The topics Cognitive functioning in older adults, work and retirement, the mental health of older adults, and religion in late adulthood were discussed. Cognitive functioning in older Adults consisted of the descriptions of the multidimensional, multidirectional nature of cognition, education, work, and health links to cognitive functioning, the use it or lose it approach, and the training of cognitive skills. Work and retirement talked about work for senior citizens in general, retirement in the united states and other countries and their adjustment to it. The mental health of older adults discussed its nature, depression, dementia, Alzheimers disease and other afflictions. As well as fear of victimization, crime, elder maltreatment, and meeting the mental health needs of older adults. I was very intrigued by the story of ninety-two year old Russell Bob Harrell. Apparently, this man puts in twelve hour days at Sieco Consulting Engineers in Columbus Indiana, as a highway and bridge engineer designing and planning roads. I

Cross Cultural Interview

Cross Culture Interview I invited my friends and neighbors Katsumi and Daly to dinner at my apartment on Saturday April 14th, 2012. Katsumi moved to Miami in 2006 from Thailand and Daly was born in New York City from Jordanian parents. We discussed our backgrounds, family relations, women issues, religion, music, and the cultures that shaped and defined who we are. Also, we talked about how cultures affect our communication behavior and how it influences our perception of the communication we receive from others.Well, we started to laugh at our dinner which consisted of pizza and coke; here we are a Puerto Rican, a Thai and a Jordanian eating Italian food and drinking an American beverage. I think is awesome how small our world has gotten. Katsumi told me â€Å"My first impression about people in this country is that they are so revealing and they are not afraid to express their feelings. I wasn’t ready for this at all. † I learned from my friend Kat, that public displa y of affection is forbidden by Thai customs.When I asked her about food she said that it was her biggest issue. â€Å"I’m considered an addict to really spicy food and of course I love Thai cuisine. I found the Mexican food is the closest food to suit my taste. † she told me while she kept sprinkling chili powder on her pizza. Thai people like to eat lots of spicy food. White rice or sticky rice is always eaten with every meal on a daily basis. Typical meals consist of rice and vegetables plus perhaps some dried fish, as well as soup and sauce.To my surprise there are similarities between Thai and Puerto Rican cultures, we both eat rice and vegetables on a regular basis with a fork and spoon; I had the perception that all Asian cultures eat with chopsticks. Kat and I found other similarities as well, how our families enjoy spending time together watching television, playing video games, going to the movies, engaging in conversation, celebrating holidays, and cookouts. She also stressed the fact that we differ in how we view time, â€Å"Americans are punctual for everything like work, dinner reservations and concerts.When I was in Thailand I never got to work on time, even though I got so many warnings. Here I would have been fired if I did that. † Another great difference between our cultures, she pointed out is that parents, aunts, and uncles are not sent to nursing facilities, when they get old, they live with their children. I learned that family has a great significance to Thai people as well as religion and their King, since Thailand has a monarchy.She also said that almost everybody has a picture of their king or Buddha in their homes and businesses. When I asked Daly about her religion, she explained that Islam was believed to hold the highest value and is the pillar for all other values that they have. Although she was born and lives in America, her life is mostly influence by her religion and family; it is what defines her as a pe rson. When Daly was twenty years old she decided to stop trying to make people accept her and started to wear her headscarf.She said that it gave her freedom because she was able to live as the truest version of herself. We found differences and similarities between our religions, Islam and Christianity. We both worship the same God, both have primary beliefs that we try to follow in day to day life and both have a great respect for each other faiths and religious choices. However, one of the main differences is that Muslims, do not believe that Jesus, a human, is the son of God.This, in their teachings, means that God must have, with all his infinite wisdom and power, created himself with limitations. A human being will eventually die; therefore destroying the idea of God’s infiniteness. However, they believe that Jesus was a prophet and hold him in the same level of regard as their prophet, Mohammed. At first I was reluctant to talk about religion, primarily because the way I was brought up by my parents. They taught me at an early age that religion and politics is not to be talked outside the family circle.I was glad that Daly was very open and willing to share her cultural beliefs and values with Kat and me, she also wanted for us to erase our misconception about her culture and religion. There are several important things I learned about the Thai and Jordanian cultures. I learned that both cultures are very generous. That their upbringing emphasizes generosity, warmth, openness, and friendliness and that unity and respect for the family form the core of their society.Throughout this project Kat, Daly and I felt very comfortable with one another, mostly because we have a great respect for each other’s beliefs. It was a wonderful learning experience for all of us as well as understanding each other cultures and where we come from. Furthermore, I have learned that in order to develop culture specific skills we need to be flexible and open to ch ange, aware to verbal and non-verbal behavior, informed of the values, beliefs, and practices in other cultures and sensitive to differences among individuals within a culture.In conclusion, cultural intelligence helps overcome obstacles by acquiring accurate information about the values and practices of other cultures and by developing specific skills needed to be effective across cultures. Generally speaking, patience, courtesy and a bit of curiosity go a long way. Bernard M. Baruch once said, â€Å"We didn't all come over on the same ship, but we're all in the same boat. â€Å"

Dashboard Analysis and Nursing Plan for Pain Response Essay

In information technology, a dashboard is a user interface that, somewhat resembles an automobile’s dashboard, organizing and presenting information in a way that is easy to read. Healthcare dashboards are designed to show the performance of key activities that directly or indirectly impact patient satisfaction, such as length of stay and lab test turnaround. This paper will take at look at pain response and breakdown why it is important and ways to improve it. Analysis of the data In 1998, the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI) was established by The American Nurses Association (ANA) so that the ANA could continue to collect and build on data obtained to ensure a better outcome for patients (Montalvo, 2007). The sample dashboard for the purpose of this paper, showed a decline in response to pain in 3 out of the 4 quarters surveyed. Despite the availability of analgesics, particularly opioids, and national guidelines to manage pain, the incidence of postoperative pain has remained stable over the past decade. Thus, acute pain associated with surgical and diagnostic procedures is a common occurrence in U.S. hospitals and remains inadequately managed for many patients (Hughes, 2008). Nursing Plan To many times nurses don’t properly medicate patients, due to patients not correctly reporting their pain, or staff members commenting on how often they are requesting pain meds. In 1968, Margo McCaffery defined pain as â€Å"whatever the person experiencing says it is, and occurring when the person says it does.† (Martin, Kelly, & Roosa, 2012). Inadequate management of pain and other symptoms not only decreases the quality of life; it also creates a financial burden on the health care system and on our society. Unrelieved pain costs millions of dollars annually as a result of longer  hospital stays, re-hospitalizations, and visits to outpatient clinics and emergency rooms (Berry & Dahl, 2000). On January 1, 2001, pain management standards went into effect for Joint Commission accredited ambulatory care facilities, behavioral health care organizations, critical access hospitals, home care providers, hospitals, office-based surgery practices, and long term care provide rs (The Joint Commission, 2014). The standards require the nurses to recognize the right of patients to appropriate assessment and management of pain, to screen patients for pain during their initial assessment and, when clinically required, during ongoing, periodic re-assessments, and educate patients suffering from pain and their families about pain management. A proper assessment needs to be completed upon admission, and the physician needs to be contacted to ensure proper pain management is in effect. There are several different pain scales to be used based on the patient’s alertness and cognitive ability. The 0-10 Numeric Scale is the most widely used scale for patients who are alert and oriented. Wong-Baker FACES scale is used more with younger pediatric patients or mentally challenged. The FLACC scale is used for patients who can’t verbally or visually report their pain level. Once a patient has been assessed and proper treatment has been established, follow up is very important to maintain a proper level of pain control. It is the nurses responsibility to return to ask the patient how their pain is after intervention has been given. Typically if pain medication was administered you should reassess 30 minutes after IV medication and 60 minutes after oral medication. Don’t take it for granted if the patient is resti ng, some patients don’t physically show signs of pain. Once the patient is ready for discharge, proper education about pain control needs to be instructed to the patient and family member. Explanations of why it’s important to continue the pain meds at home, medications to avoid while taking them, and side effects that may occur. If NDNQI results continue to decline in future reports, re-education of current staff should be performed. Pain management has often been referred to as the 5th vital sign, nurses and nursing assistants should be instructed to ask/assess about pain when taking vitals. Frequent chart audits should be conducted to ensure proper charting and pain interventions are occurring. Pain management starts with educating the staff on the proper assessments and following through on interventions  implemented. Summary In conclusion, for patients to have a better experience with their hospital stay, proper pain management needs to occur. With the correct orientation and training of staff to the different pain scales used, frequency of patients being asked about pain, and proper interventions being implemented, nursing scores for response to pain should increase. References Berry, P, PhD, RN, CRNH, CS, & Dahl, J, PhD. (2000). The new JCAHO pain standards: Implications for pain management nurses. Pain Management Nursing, Vol 1(Issue 1), 3-12. Retrieved from http://www.painmanagementnursing.org/article/S1524-9042(00)04110-2/abstract Hughes, R. (2008). Patient safety and quality: An evidence-based handbook for nurses. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services. Martin, L., Kelly, M., & Roosa, K. (2012). Multidisciplinary approach to improving pain management. Critical Care Nursing Quarterly,35(3), 268-271. Montalvo, I., (September 30, 2007) â€Å"The National Database of Nursing Quality IndicatorsTM (NDNQI ®)† OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. Vol. 12 No. 3, Manuscript 2. The Joint Commission. (2014, February 4). Retrieved September 21, 2014.

Induction Definition and Examples